Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., Pinaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 1 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

English: giant fir, grand fir, lowland fir, lowland white fir, silver fir, white fir, yellow fir

French: sapin de Vancouver, sapin grandissime

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees to 75m; trunk to 1.55m in diameter; crown conic, in age round topped or straggly. Bark gray, thin to thick, with age becoming brown, often with reddish periderm visible in furrows bounded by hard flat ridges. Branches spreading, drooping; twigs mostly opposite, light brown, pubescent. Buds exposed, purple, green, or brown, globose, small to moderately large, resinous, apex round; basal scales short, broad, equilaterally triangular, slightly pubescent or glabrous, resinous, margins entire, apex pointed or slightly rounded. Leaves (1-) 2-6cm x l.5-2.5mm, 2-ranked, flexible, with leaves at center of branch segment longer than those near ends, or with distinct long and short leaves intermixed, proximal portion ± straight, leaves higher in tree spiraled and 1-ranked; cross section flat, grooved adaxially; odor pungent, faintly turpentinelike; abaxial surface with 5-7 stomatal rows on each side of midrib; adaxial surface light to dark lustrous green, lacking stomates or with a few stomates toward leaf apex; apex distinctly notched (rarely rounded); resin canals small, near margins and abaxial epidermal layer. Pollen cones at pollination bluish red, purple, orange, yellow, or ± green. Seed cones cylindric, (5-) 6-7 (-12) x 3-3.5cm, light green, dark blue, deep purple, or gray, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 2-2.5 x 2-2.5cm, densely pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 6-8 x 3-4mm, body tan; wing about 1.5 times as long as body, tan with rosy tinge; cotyledons (4-) 5-6 (-7)"  (Flora of North America online).

Habitat/ecology:  In North America, "Moist, coastal coniferous forests and mountain slopes; 0-1500m"  (Flora of North America online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  British Columbia, Canada; United States (California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington)  (Flora of North America online).

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
British Columbia (province of Canada) Province of British Columbia	Canada (British Columbia)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Idaho, Montana

Control:  If you know of control methods for Abies grandis, please let us know.